AUTOR: RUSSEL ORTEGA

INTRODUCTION

Each country or nation is represented by certain symbols that specify their region. Who talk about their history of their emergence as independent countries, these symbols are anthems, flags, coats, costumes, coins, etc. Each of these symbols represent their identity, their culture and freedom that makes sovereign countries.

CONTENTS

-National Symbols

-Flag

-Coat of arms

-National Anthem (First Isthmian Anthem)

FLAG

The flag Panama consists of a rectangle divided into four quarters: the first top near the pole, white with a blue five-pointed star, the second top after the already described, red; the first lower close to the pole color blue; and the second following it, white with a red 5-pointed star. The colors of the Panamanian flag symbolize the historic parties of the time, the Conservative (blue) and the Liberal (red); White, the desired peace between the welfare and development of the country, while the blue star represents the strength and honesty and red, authority and the law.

Born in hiding night November 2, 1903, he grew out of the imagination of Don Manuel Encarnación Amador, son of the first president, Manuel Amador Guerrero. The hands of his stepmother, Maria De La Ossa de Amador and the sister of this, Bergamot Angelica De La Ossa, drew up the canvas represent onwards to Panama to the world. He was paraded through the main streets that Tuesday November 3, by Don Alejandro de la Guardia, and blessed on December 20 next, in the Plaza de la Independencia. The Constituent Assembly, through Law 64 of 1904, provisionally adopted the flag. The final adoption occurred through Law 4 of 1925, generated in the National Assembly. It was ratified by Law 28 March 1941.

History of the flag

before be designed the Panamanian flag as it is today, Philippe Bunau Varilla, that character who participated in plans to achieve separation of Panama from Colombia in 1903, and intervened as a diplomat with the government of Washington, whose performance was considered without scruples by the way defended the interests of the Republic of Panama, I had a very original idea devised a national flag based on the American model. The pendulum, sewn by the wife of Bunau Varilla, had red and yellow strips horizontally, instead of white and red as the US. He chose the yellow, being dominant color in the Spanish and Colombian flags. And in the top corner he had a blue rectangular, in the center, two yellow suns united by a strip of the same color, which, according to its author, symbolized the two continents. The soles represented in the Panamanian flag states representing the union in the American flag.

Ernesto Castillero J. R. in his book History of the symbols of the Panamanian homeland notes that while the first president of Panama, Manuel Amador Guerrero, US Bunau Varilla told him he liked the model, the truth is that no It was to his liking, and when he came to Panama discussed the issue with members of the revolutionary junta, who flatly rejected; and then with his wife Maria Ossa de Amador and together they decided to discard it because it seemed unfriendly and inappropriate for a foreign determine how it would be the symbol of Panamanian nationality. Given this disagreement the spouses decided to consult Amador Manuel E. Amador, son of the president, who was recognized as an artist drawing skills. This did not hesitate and red pencils and blue outlined the features of the Panamanian flag.

Meaning of colors

The country is composed teaches four pictures, two white and the others are red and blue. `` The combination of these colors symbolizing the peace that this land yearned for the peaceful union of the historical parties (Liberal and Conservative) as currency that had red and blue, in a spontaneous and fair understanding of their reciprocal rights to government State '' says the historian. Castillero also details that `` with its stars for guidance, Panama has surprised the world with his progress and has been consolidating its international position. The blue seas by kissing this soil has brought to our shores universal civilization and red blood is not spilled in the fratricidal struggle, but is transformed into energy to drive the advancement of the country at all levels of the life. And this under the aegis of harmony which is represented in white. ''

Clothing flag

In the first two days of November 1903, Panama was not yet Republic was Maria Ossa de Amador which was responsible for running the project of his stepson. As Castillero collected in his book, Maria Ossa de Amador, he explained how Octavio Mendez Pereira were concocted the first two flags. `` As the colors of the proposed flag for Panama, drawn by Manuel E Amador: white, blue and red, are not included in the composition of the Colombian flag, I thought to buy lanillas that were to serve for our first flag could arouse some suspicions and so I decided to do my shopping at three different stores. The white undercoat was purchased in the `French Bazaar, Blue Dahlia 'in' and red in the` The City of Paris'. `` On the morning of November 2 So I made a package of lanillas and went to my brother Don Jerome Ossa, married Dona Angelica B. Ossa. This house was located in what is now Avenue South, in the next corner to the power plant. There I found my sister, and after I promised the strictest confidence, I confided to him that it was. '' By prudence, Maria Ossa de Amador decided not to flag in his house and went to a house next to South Avenue, owned by Mr. Ehrman and Co., better known as the Tanguí House. She cut two flags materials. To enter the house `` We had to climb a small window facing the courtyard climbing a ladder. A maid called my sister Agueda gave us, also by the window, a hand sewing machine. There being no furniture, put the sewing machine on a small box on the floor and cut the pictures and the stars. '' Although it is not expected that the separation was given on November 3, the flag was drawn up as quickly as possible. Maria Ossa wrapped in paper that had served to bring lanillas; It took a car and went home, located in Cathedral Square (now Independence Square). In his account, Maria Ossa de Amador also detailed Mendez Pereira the following: `` and with two flags in my power, I began to fear that if measures were taken to suppress the separatist movement and failed independence, our home would be registered to obtain evidence of our active participation. I resolved then deliver the precious treasure to Ehrman & Co. banking house., Located in the basement of ours, so it was kept in the iron box of this establishment. But one of the gentlemen Ehrman refused to receive it for fear of compromising banking firm. I had no recourse but to hide myself as best I could the flags. '' Realising the proclamation of the separation of Panama from Colombia, on November 3, 1903, Maria Ossa de Amador `` gave the first flag of the new country and the other strolled amid cheers and shouts of joy in the capital city. The first Panamanian flag bearer was Mr. Don Alejandro de la Guardia, '' said Castillero in his book.

Ideas in tricolor

"How our projects independence would know one day, and fearing that our house was the subject of an investigation by the Government (Colombia), for it was there where all meetings of the eight men who composed the group took place the organizers of the revolution, decided not to make the flag there. I note that Don Jose de Obaldia, then governor of the Department (of Panama), lived with us at all, because he was a close friend of my husband. In these circumstances it was not possible to flag in my house without being discovered by him. " Maria de la Ossa de Amador did, then the delicate assignment to her sister, Dona Angelica de la Ossa, wife of his brother Jerome and competition seamstress, a descendant of Swiss who had the power to speak several languages.

Moments of tension

In his house, with doors and windows closed, Dona Angelica, with her ​​daughter Maria Emilia de la Ossa as assistance in machine hand, began to make the first flag of the country. Tension prevailed in the area. Suddenly a cry: "Open the door!". There was no time to lose. Maria Emilia, 19, was responsible for machine and lanillas hide behind the piano in the house. The calm came soon: the caller was Don Jeronimo de la Ossa. He spoke of an innocent meeting and nothing happened. Hours later, the machine and the lanillas were taken to the house next door, owned by the lords Ehrman, which was unoccupied. There Dona Angelica finished his work, accompanied by his daughter. They came three flags: two large and one small (product of the remnants of three colors). On the morning of November 2, carefully wrapped, Maria Emilia took the two flags to Dona Maria Ossa de Amador. The third flag stayed home, then took her to the United States. It is important to note that the original position of the flag was not now have, under the blue and red dial up, quite the contrary. Also, the red star was above and blue below. It was Law 64 of 1904, approving of national symbols, which changed the original position of the colors. The 1925 National Assembly adopted definitively by the Law 4. Law 28 March 1941 endorsed the final adoption .

COAT OF ARMS OF PANAMA

the National Shield was created by Don Nicanor Villalaz and received the help of his brother Sebastian Villalaz. The November 13, 1903, the Ministry of Government, Eusebio A. Morales, signed an invitation to contest model projects for the National Emblem and should be delivered to the Ministry of Government in sealed envelopes marked with the names indicative passwords authors. On the 27th of that month, the Provisional Ruling Council, composed of JA Arango, Tomas Arias and Manuel Espinosa Batista, signed together with the above described official, Decree No. 19, which created a ... Jury is composed of five people competent to make the choice to be taken ..., composed of L. Ciro Urriola, Jeronimo de la Ossa, Manuel E. Amador, Ricardo M. Arango and Juan Mendez, "pointing to a period of eight days to perform its functions . Extract research in original documents of the National Assembly of 1903 by Gilberto J. Medina for the newspaper El Panama America.

Description.

Our shield resting on green symbolizing vegetation, is pointed and plywood. The center shows the Isthmus with its seas, the sun and the moon are proof of our independence when that is the evening of the day 3. The Head, that is, the top, has two camps, one weapons, sword and rifle hanging on abandonment of the struggle between siblings; in his left or right on a red field, a hoe and shovel symbolizing work.

The tip of the shield on a blue field has a cornucopia, symbol of wealth and pulled the wheel sinistra the symbol of progress. At the top of the shield an eagle with the head to the left wears a ribbon in its beak with our motto: "Pro Mundi Benefit". On the eagle, arched, go nine stars representing our nine provinces.

The shield is divided into four posters, separated by a horizontal band. In the upper right is headquarters on white background, a saber and a rifle hanging, meaning that the Panamanian nation has renounced all fratricidal warfare. In the upper left quarter a sink and a spade on a red surface, working as symbols appear. The horizontal band shows the Isthmus and the two oceans around its coast, the Atlantic and the Pacific. On the left side the setting sun and rising moon is the right side, indicating the evening time the secession of the Isthmus of the Republic of Colombia was proclaimed the November 3, 1903. The lower right quarter shows on blue background Almathea traditional horn. In the lower left quarter on white background is the wheel of progress. Above the shield is an eagle with spread wings, the peak holds a tape which extends on both sides and in which the motto reads: PRO MUNDI BENEFIT. On the eagle's head there are nine stars representing the provinces in which is divided the territory of the Republic. Four national flags, folded toward the center and held by them, surround the Shield.

History

One hundred and three projects were submitted, of which one was marked with the initials NV belonged to Don Nicanor Villalaz. The jury decided on this, recommending some changes to simplify it. The slogan that made the author said: "Peace Freedom Union Progreso...". During the discussion on second reading the draft law adopted provisionally Shield, the Honorable Deputies, Mr. Juan A. Henríquez and Rafael Neira A., suggested further amendments to the Shield, including the replacement of the former slogan for "Pro Mundi Benefit" which was adopted by Law 64 of June 4, 1904 signed by the President of the Assembly Dr. Genaro Ortega, and approved by the President of the Republic, Dr. Manuel Amador Guerrero, his Secretary of Government, Don Tomas Arias. So, Don Nicanor Villalaz notorious lawyer and businessman, was fortunate that its draft regulatory approval Shield deserved. Careful research shows that the first draft of the Shield, designed by its author, Don Nicanor Villalaz, was drawn by Don Ricardo Miró, who also sublime poet was fond of drawing. The second sketch, which were suppressed the gun and carriage, sickle and machete bunch of pins and bunch of bananas, and replaced the train by a winged wheel was painted by Professor Max Lemm, German artist resident In Panama. The final coat, with all the reforms he introduced the National Convention, which is the official emblem of the Republic, corresponded to do so Villalaz artist Don Sebastian, who teamed so, art, named after his brother Don Nicanor and the German artist, Mr. Lemm. For thirty-seven years, the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Panama did not undergo any change until it was promulgated the Constitution of 1941. By having the National Assembly to legislate again on the subject, issued in March of this year the Law 28 on the coat of arms, which were introduced the following reforms: the saber and rifle are to signify alertness in defense of our sovereignty, in place of "abandonment to mean goodbye to civil war." Initiated reforms, is also wanted to change the theme of the Shield, for which was opened a contest to choose another one. 311 projects were presented and the jury appointed to make the selection was decided by which read: "Only God About Us" guardian giving the prize of one hundred dollars offered. However, the National Assembly approved Law 28 already referred, rejected it and chose the "Justice, Freedom and Honor," which was to be sent to register on tape hanging from the beak of an eagle. Five years later, missing the regime that inspired these changes in the National Shield, that is, in 1946, he turned to the old symbol with the famous motto of "Pro Mundi Benefit" that is leading our national emblem.

PANAMA NATIONAL ANTHEM

Background: For many years the Panamanian people sang patriotic enthusiasm a school song called "Isthmian Anthem", the letter was Juan Agustín Torres, Secretary of Public Instruction and the music was then Don Jorge Santos. On the occasion of the presentation of credentials as Ambassador and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America Mr. William J. Buchanm, teacher Jorge Santos, Director of the Republican Band he suggests that music composed by him is selected and asks Dr. Jeronimo de la Ossa, poet of that time, and brother of Dr. Amador Guerrero to put her letter.

National Anthem

Original Version